DermaFlux™ is comprised of three key water flux ingredients including: 1) an aquaporin regulator, 2) three key osmolyte regulators, and 3) cellular membrane water control sugars. The multiple ingredients have been carefully formulated to provide a product that is physiologically optimized for its ability to influence cellular water flow.
Aquaporin-3 Regulator The most critical cells within the epidermis for controlling water flux are keratinocytes which reside just below the non-living corneocytes of the stratum corneum. It has been demonstrated that keratinocyte aquaporins are principally responsible for influencing cellular moisture control and in this regard, Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is the water-channeling protein of greatest interest for skin moisturization. In human gene microarray analysis to examine a number of ingredients, it was found that newly developed mixtures of hydrolyzed yeast amino acids can upregulate AQP3 in normal human keratinocytes.
Osmolyte Regulators
Eukaryotic cells express three types of molecules to bind water internally including betaine (trimethylglycine), taurine, and inositol. Each of these osmolytes functions under a separate transport system, to influence the channeling of water into the cells, to ensure cell protection and homeostasis. DermaFlux™ has been formulated to contain all three at physiologically optimum levels for cellular moisture control.
Cellular Membrane Homeostasis
Many types of eukaryotic cells, particularly yeast, also express trehalose during times of moisture stress as a means to hang on to precious water. Trehalose is a stress-response water-binding molecule that has been shown to preserve human skin cells during periods of freezing. For this reason, DermaFlux™ has been formulated to contain this unique sugar as well.Strategies to control skin moisturization must address the true function of the skin cells to modulate water flux. DermaFlux™ answers this challenge as it regulates the ability to channel moisture to the areas where it is needed most. This effect is achieved via the upregulation of the key water-channeling protein called Aquaporin-3.
DermaFlux™ also controls water balance within the cellular membrane due to the presence of 3 key osmolytes and a sugar. The results of studies showed that both in appearance and quantification, confirm with statistical significance that a 1% treatment of DermaFlux™ keeps cells plump with moisture when compared to untreated control cells during the dehydrated state.
In vivo, Raman Confocal Spectroscopy, used to evaluate deep moisture in the skin, demonstrates that a 2% treatment of DermaFlux™ enhances moisturization when compared to a glycerol control. The corneometric data resulting from in vivo skin moisturization study confirms that DermaFlux™ is able to increase skin moisturization immediately to address dryness relief and after 24 hours, from a single product application! DermaFlux™ responds to the demands of a changing environment by regulating skin’s moisture by helping it hold on to vital water even under the most demanding, dry conditions.
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