Antioxidant

 The term Antioxidant generally refers to compounds that are used to stop the free radical lipid oxidation process. The phenolic AOs BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) are the most important ingredients presently used. They act as radical scavengers, strongly inhibiting radical chain reactions.

Metal ions catalyze radical generation and product deterioration. Therefore, chelating agents are often combined with phenolic antioxidants to form synergistic mixtures, enhancing the efficacy of the specific free radical scavengers.

Product deterioration is not only due to oxidative radical generation (autoxidation), which is most prominent in the case of natural oils, unsaturated fatty acids, and certain fragrances. Direct exposure to light can also result in photolytic radical generation, which has to be efficiently controlled using antioxidants. Therefore, products filled in transparent or translucent packaging and preparations directly exposed to light during use (e.g., bar soaps) often contain antioxidants as protectants.

Moreover, UVs can be used in these cases to reduce the degree of photolysis. Generally, water—and/or oil-soluble benzophenone derivatives are applied. If not, photofading of colored formulations, reduction of viscosity in gels and shampoos, and loss of fragrance activity are often observed.

After application, antioxidants in personal care products protect cell membranes and DNA in the nucleus from free radicals and oxidative damage. Many botanical extracts and oils, especially those derived from plants growing in extreme conditions, contain considerable amounts of potent natural antioxidants effective against many types of reactive species.

Revital Eyes is a specialized botanical complex for eye care applications with anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, anti-dark circles, and undereye bag effects. It is a balanced formula with four active ingredients: probiotics, Green tea and Pomegranate extracts, and Caffeine.

Rhodiola rosea, also known as Arctic root or Golden root, is a member of the Crassulaceae family, a family of plants native to the Arctic regions of Eastern Siberia and grows at high altitudes.

Rhus Semialata is one of two distinct varieties of Rhus chinensis (Chinese sumac), a shrubby tree growing in East and South Asia.

It is thought that the Greeks first brought the rose from Greece to southern Italy. They believed the red rose came from the blood of the goddess Aphrodite, whose foot got stuck in a thorn while trying to help Adonis.

Rosa Canina oil softens skin and is high in essential fatty acids. It helps to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles and repairs damaged skin.
Rosa centifolia has great therapeutic benefits including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and aromatherapeutic properties. It was noted that concentrate has physiological and psychological relaxation, analgesic, and anti-anxiety effects.

Rosa Rubiginosa Seed Oil is an emollient oil obtained from the seed of a rosehip species known as Rosa Mosqueta. It is a low-viscosity yellow to amber liquid with a characteristic odor, which has a mark-improving effect on the skin and hair.

Thanks to their antiseptic, astringent, soothing, and toning properties, Roselle flowers have been used in folk medicine to treat numerous skin conditions.
Rosmarinus Officinalis speeds up cell renewal rate, eliminates acne and impurities, and stimulates dermal micro-circulation, lessening damaged capillaries and varicose veins.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis) essential oil is obtained by steam distillation. This essential oil has properties: stimulant, diaphoretic, carminative, nervine, aromatic, cephalic antispasmodic.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis) was thought to possess extraordinary powers of protection against evil spirits and demons. It was also a symbol of remembrance, friendship, and love.

Rosmarinic acid is a natural polyphenol found in Rosemary and has a lot of benefits (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and photo-protective against ultraviolet C) for skin

The milky-white gelatinous substance of Royal Jelly is secreted in the salivary glands of worker bees for the sole purpose of stimulating the growth and development of queen bees.

Saccharomyces Lysate Extract is produced by exposing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to hydrogen peroxide. It has been well established that introducing stress in the form of heat or UV radiation to yeast cell cultures will promote the formation of tissue respiratory factors (TRF).

Germanium has been included for its free radical scavenging properties and ability to improve oxygen utilization.

Saccharomyces/Selenium Ferment is a biotechnological ingredient derived from the fermentation of living yeast cells in a Selenium ion-containing medium. It is a mineral-glycopeptides complex known under the trade name the Acqua-Biomin® Selenium Y3.

Saccharomyces/Zinc Ferment is a biotechnological ingredient derived from the fermentation of living yeast cells in a zinc ion-containing medium. It is a mineral-glycopeptides complex known under the trade name the Acqua-Biomin® Zinc Y3.

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) oil is a light, naturally stable, liquid oil with a superb emollient property that quickly penetrates the skin barrier.
Sage leaf extract is an organic skincare ingredient and natural antioxidant. The leaves of the small evergreen perennial are used in organic skincare products for their tonic, astringent, and soothing properties.

Sage Dalmatian (Salvia Officinalis) oil is a fresh, warm-spicy herbaceous scent. Sage is an evergreen, shrubby, perennial herb up to 80cm high with a woody base, soft, silver, oval leaves, and a mass of deep blue or violet flowers.

Willow, of the family Salicaceae and genus Salix, is a common species in North America. The Black Willow (Salix nigra) tree, found in the eastern part of the North American continent, is famous for its dark brown, ridged bark.

To the ancient Arabians, Sage (Salvia Officinalis) was associated with immortality and longevity. They also credited Salvia Officinalis with increasing mental capacity.

Sandarac Gum is derived in the Atlas region in Morocco from the cypress Sandarac tree (Callitris Quadrivalvis) which exists as an up to 40 feet high tree but also as a shrub.

Sargassum Fusiforme (Hijiki) is a brown algae that belongs to the Sargassaceae family and grows wild along the rocky coastlines of East Asia in China, Korea, and Japan. Hijiki is an edible seaweed with health promotion effects that has been used in culinary for centuries.

It is the most beneficial oil for aging skin. It is a source of herbal medicine with vitamins and nutrients used in anti-aging and medicinal skincare products.

Selaginella Lepidophylla (Resurrection plant) is a desert plant that can endure almost total desiccation (loss of cellular water down to <5%) for long periods, losing all appearance of life.

Sesame oil is a versatile, pale oil that is extracted from the seed. It has a rich content of Vitamin E, A, and calcium, making it particularly beneficial for dry skin and various skin conditions.

Sesame (Sesamum Indicum) was probably one of the first oil-bearing plants cultivated by man. Some authors attribute the magic formula “Open, Sesame!” to the fact observed over the millennia that the consumption of sesame has favorable effects on memory and on clear thinking.

sh-Oligopeptide-85 is a synthetic recombinant peptide, an analog of human Dyskerin involved in stabilizing to RNA molecules and ribosome biogenesis regulation.

sh-Polypeptide-11 (former rh-Oligopeptide-13; rh-Polypeptide-11) is known under the trade name CG-aFGF, a single-chain synthetic recombinant