Aluminum Chlorohydrate is one of the most widely used and best-known antiperspirant active ingredients. Because of its versatility, it can be supplied as a powder, as a liquid, or complexed with propylene glycol, zirconium, and various buffers.
Deodorant
The first European deodorants relied on strong perfumes to mask body odor. When it was realized that the source of the odor was the microbial breakdown of triglycerides of fatty acids such as propionic, butyric, and hexanoic acid, antimicrobial products were introduced. One early formula even contained 1% formaldehyde!
The use of aluminum salts to reduce perspiration appears to predate the use of antimicrobials; although used primarily to reduce wetness, they also lessen the feedstock for bacterial breakdown, and they are now known to have recognizable antimicrobial properties. With the development of antiperspirant materials restricted by legislation in Europe and the USA, formulation improvements have been aimed at enhancing the activity of permitted aluminum salts and aluminum-zirconium complexes, improving product texture and aesthetic appeal, and reducing residual whiteness.
The major manufacturers of antiperspirant actives are constantly striving to improve the material's activity within the parameters that further studies concerning the polymer distribution and molecular size of aluminum and aluminum-zirconium systems have been correlated to clinical efficacy studies to determine the optimum distribution for enhanced efficacy.
Other materials for which the suppliers claim deodorant properties include Ethylhexylglycerin, which is said to inhibit the growth of odor-causing bacteria while at the same time not affecting the natural skin flora, and a lactate ester. Data shows that di-C12-13 alkyl lactate has no inhibitory action against bacteria but significantly reduces underarm odor. Suppliers believe that the absence of odor is due to the bacterial enzymes preferentially breaking down the ester rather than the triglycerides of human lipids. The material is suggested as a replacement for antimicrobial compounds in deodorant sprays, lotions, and creams, as an additive to antiperspirants to enhance activity, and, because it is compatible with surfactant systems, it is suitable for shower gels and body washes, making a deodorant claim.The effectiveness of copper and zinc salts in reducing body odor is now thought to be because they inhibit the development of bacterial enzymes that cause malodor. A solution of zinc citrate in propylene glycol citrate has astringent and deodorant properties. Neither have bactericidal or fungicidal properties; zinc salts chemically combine with the bacterial decomposition products of perspiration, thus inhibiting odor development.
Aluminum salts owe their antiperspirant efficacy to their astringent, antiseptic, and antiperspirant powers but can be irritants.
Aluminum Sesquichlorohydrate is one of the aluminum chlorohydrates with a general formula Al4Cl3(OH)9 that diffuses into and physically blocks sweat gland ducts and is used in antiperspirants, deodorants, and afte
Aluminum sulfate is known by a variety of names, among them cake alum and filter alum. This latter name refers to its use in water treatment. It is found in anhydrous form near volcanoes and in the waste dumps at coal mines.
Benzalkonium Chloride is a clear, colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid with cationic nature. It is a preservative and disinfecting agent for medical, veterinary, cosmetic, and household products.
Bisabolol substance comes from the chamomile flower, is antiphlogistic (antiinflammatory), disinfects, soothes. It helps reduce irritation and sensitivity associated with oily skin breakouts.
Capryloyl glycine is an amide of Glycine (amino acid) and Caprylic acid (a fatty acid that contains eight carbon atoms in the chain). It's a member of the N-acyl glycines family, normally occurring in human tissues, so it's a safe component for skin care formulations.
Caprylyl Glycol (1,2-Octanediol) is alcohol (diol contains two hydroxy groups on 1 and 2 positions) colorless liquid derived from raw natural materials, widely used in skin care applications for its humectant, antiseptic, anti-parasitic, antioxidant, and emollient properties.
Chitosan is a cationic biopolymer, a fine, off-white, odorless powder of animal or vegetal origin. Manufacturers prefer the botanical non-animal Chitosan backed up by scientific support and expertise, an equivalent to a high-quality analog of animal origin, and approved by ECOCERT.
Chlorophyllin-Copper Complex is a chlorophyll derivative in which Mg2+ cations in the middle of the nitrogen ring (reactive core) are replaced with copper ions, Cu2+.
Mandarin (Citrus Nobilis) gets its name from the fact that, in the past, the fruit was traditionally offered as a gift to mandarins. The fruit of this species is considered by the Chinese to be cooling.
Cypress (Cupressus Sempervirens) was thought to produce a refreshing and stimulating bath oil and was considered a natural deodorant, having been explicitly used in foot deodorizing products.
Ethylhexylglycerin is the ether of glycerin and ethylhexyl alcohol (2-ethylhexhexanol), a multifunctional skincare ingredient that acts as a preservative, emollient, humectant, and deodorant.
Farnesol is a nature-identical synthetic sesquiterpene with a significant bacteriostatic effect found in many plants and essential oils including Sandalwood, Lemongrass, Tuberose, and Petitgrain oils.
Hops have a long history of use in herbal medicine, especially for their sedative, soothing and calming effects on the mind and body.
Kaolin, also known as „white clay“ or „bolus alba“; a medicinal clay with a high mineral content; hydrating and matting.
Unwanted hair growth is a condition that affects millions of people (the medical term: hirsutism. It can occur in both men and women without discrimination and is caused by follicles that are overly sensitive to male hormones (called androgens).
Besides its pleasant scent and masking function, Limonene is valued for its astringent, tonic, and binding action, as well as it can be used as a solvent for insoluble ingredients and for controlling the viscosity of the formulation.
It is a natural, aromatic, and oily substance with a pleasant floral scent used in perfume, in the food industry as a flavoring agent, and in personal care applications as a masking agent or fragrance.
Oligopeptide-10 is a 15-amino-acid-long peptide with the sequence Phe-Ala-Lys-Ala-Leu-Lys-Ala-Leu-Leu-Lys-Ala-Leu-Lys-Ala-Leu. It is a water-soluble white powder, compatible with all emulsion types in the 5-7 pH range.
Polyglyceryl-3 Caprylate is a clear, odorless, viscous liquid, a co-emulsifier with proven anti-microbial properties. It has been shown to reduce the concentration of the odor-causing bacteria Corynebacterium xerosis at use concentrations as low as 0.05%.
It is believed that the Greeks first brought the Rose (Rosa Canina) from Greece to southern Italy. They thought the red rose came from the blood of the goddess Aphrodite, whose foot got stuck in a thorn while trying to help Adonis.
To the ancient Arabians, Sage (Salvia Officinalis) was associated with immortality and longevity. They also credited Salvia Officinalis with increasing mental capacity.
Shikimic Acid is a natural polyhydroxy acid (PHA) obtained from Japanese star anise (Illicium Verum; also called Shikimi). It is a multifunctional active ingredient that promotes cell renewal and exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Metallic silver (Argentum metallicum) is a natural antimicrobial active and appears as a silver-grey homogenous powder, without odor. It can be marked with Color Index nomenclature as a pigment or colorant CI 77820.
Alkaline cleaning agent; gently cleans the skin and neutralizes its pH value; counteracts acne.
Sodium Phosphate salts are safe food-grade ingredients used in skin care products for pH adjustment, preservation, penetration enhancement, and emulsion stabilization.
Soyethyl Morpholinium Ethosulfate is a cationic surfactant that effectively deodorizes a wide range of malodors. It functions by complexing or neutralizing specific organic molecules and reducing their concentration in the vapor phase.
Tangerine oil is an energizing, light, sweet, tangy citrus. The tangerine is a small evergreen tree Citrus Reticulata up to 20ft high with ovate leaves and small fragrant white flowers, and bearing fleshy fruit. The essential oil is obtained by cold compression from the outer peel.
Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris) was used by the ancient Egyptians as an embalming agent, by the Romans as a skin freshener, and by the Greeks as incense at their altars.